Kaare Klint
1888 - 1954, 丹麦
Kaare Klint 是丹麦著名建筑师、家具设计师和教育家，他奠定了丹麦现代主义设计的基础，开创了属于丹麦设计的黄金时代，并培育了一批后进的知名设计师，被誉为“丹麦现代设计之父”。
Klint 于1888年出生在哥本哈根，父亲是当时著名的建筑师 Peder Vilhelm Jensen-Klint，本身想要成为画家的他，在父亲的影响下转而学习建筑。1893年，他开始了细木工学徒生涯，并在哥本哈根的一所技术学校进修，随后，又在父亲和建筑师 Carl Petersen 的指导下进行了建筑学的培训。1914年，Klint 参与了导师 Petersen 设计的 Faaborg 博物馆项目，年仅26岁的他为该项目设计了 Faaborg Chair，这也成为了他的经典作品之一。1920年，Klint 成立了自己的工作室，继续从事建筑和家具设计。1921至1926年间，他受邀负责将 Frederiks 医院改建成为丹麦艺术与设计博物馆，即如今的丹麦设计博物馆。
1924年，Klint 为丹麦皇家美术学院创立了家具设计学院，并作为副教授开始授课，这是开创丹麦设计黄金时代的重要节点，启发了诸如Børge Mogensen、Hans J. Wegner、Mogens Koch等一众知名丹麦设计师。Klint 创新性的，将功能主义和对家具的研究实践置于风格之上，强调高超的工艺、高质量的材料、和谐的比例和人体工学，提倡家具应该拥有清晰的逻辑和简洁的形态，这些理念贯穿了丹麦现代设计闪耀的40年。同时，Klint 本身的创作成为了他教学理念的最佳注脚，1933年设计的 Safari Chair，1940年的 Barcelona Chair 等，均是历久弥新的经典之作。而为了确保家具的工艺品质，Klint 与丹麦知名细木工坊 Rud. Rasmussen 保持着紧密的合作，这种合作方式也被很多丹麦设计师沿袭了下来。
1930年，在父亲去世后，Klint 接管了 Grundtvig 教堂（又称管风琴教堂）的建造工作，从他父亲1921年设计开始，这座哥本哈根极为重要的教堂建筑于1940年才终于完工。
1954年，Klint 在哥本哈根逝世。
Klint 的作品从全球文化中寻找灵感，以“材料优先，工艺至上”的理念打造值得传承的经典家具，是丹麦现代设计的先驱，影响力持续至今。Klint 一生荣获了诸多奖项，他在伦敦被授予皇家荣誉设计师称号（1949年），获得丹麦皇家美术学院授予的 C.F. Hansen 奖章（1954年）。他的作品也被纽约库珀-休伊特国家博物馆、伦敦维多利亚和阿尔伯特博物馆、以色列博物馆等知名展馆收藏。
Kaare Klint was born on 15 December 1888 in the Frederiksberg district of Copenhagen, the son of Peder Vilhelm Jensen-Klint, then a struggling painter about to abandon his artistic career in place of a more secure career in architecture.
Klint apprenticed as a furniture maker in Kalundborg and Copenhagen from 1893 and took classes at technical school in Copenhagen, Jens Møller-Jensens furniture school, and the Artists' Studio Schools under Johan Rohde. He was then articled to Carl Petersen[1] and was also taught the architectural trade by his father, who had completed his first architectural project in 1896.[1]
In 1914, Klint designed his first piece of furniture, the Faaborg Chair, for Carl Petersen's Faaborg Museum [2] in 1914. He went on to create furniture and fittings for a number of other museums.
From 1921 to 1926 he was responsible for the conversion of Frederiks Hospital into the Danish Museum of Art & Design together with Thorkild Henningsen and Ivar Bentsen. In 1927 he also created a chair in mahogany for the museum which was inspired by English 18th-century chairs.[2] [3]
Klint's carefully researched furniture designs are based on functionality, proportions adapted to the human body, craftsmanship, and the use of high-quality materials. Notable examples of his work include the Propeller Stool (1927), the Safari Chair and the Deck Chair (both 1933), the Church Chair (1936), and the Circle Bed (1938) featuring curved sides and rounded ends, with hand-woven textiles by Lis Ahlmann.[4][5]
As a result of the furniture school he founded at the Royal Academy in 1924, Klint had a strong influence on Danish furniture, inspiring designers such as Poul Kjærholm and Børge Mogensen.
After his father's death in 1930, Kaare Klint completed his monumental Grundtvig's Church in Copenhagen. Construction had started in 1921 but was not completed until 1940. He also designed the Bethlehem Church, also in Copenhagen, on the basis of his father's sketches. It was built from 1935 to 1937.